Chemistry I

Chemistry — Foundations, Structure and Equilibrium in 6 chapters — from “Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry” to “Equilibrium”.

Chapters

  1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
    • Development of Chemistry
    • Importance of Chemistry
    • Nature of Matter
    • Properties of Matter and their Measurement
    • Uncertainty in Measurement
    • Laws of Chemical Combinations
    • Dalton’s Atomic Theory
    • Atomic and Molecular Masses
    • Mole Concept and Molar Masses
    • Percentage Composition
    • Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations
    • Summary
    • Exercises
  2. Structure of Atom
    • Discovery of Sub-atomic Particles
    • Atomic Models
    • Developments Leading to the Bohr’s Model of Atom
    • Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
    • Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
    • Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
    • Summary
    • Exercises
  3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
    • Why do we need to classify elements?
    • Genesis of periodic classification
    • Modern Periodic Law and the present form of the Periodic Table
    • Nomenclature of elements with atomic numbers > 100
    • Electronic configurations of elements and the Periodic Table
    • Electronic configurations and types of elements: s-, p-, d-, f-blocks
    • Periodic trends in properties of elements
    • Summary
    • Exercises
  4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
    • Kössel–Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding
    • Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
    • Bond Parameters
    • The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
    • Valence Bond Theory
    • Hybridisation
    • Molecular Orbital Theory
    • Bonding in Some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
    • Hydrogen Bonding
    • Summary
    • Exercises
  5. Thermodynamics
    • Thermodynamic Terms
    • Applications
    • Measurement of ΔU and ΔH: Calorimetry
    • Enthalpy Change, Δr​H, of a Reaction – Reaction Enthalpy
    • Enthalpies for Different Types of Reactions
    • Spontaneity
    • Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium
    • Summary
    • Exercises
  6. Equilibrium
    • Equilibrium in Physical Processes
    • Equilibrium in Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium
    • Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant
    • Homogeneous Equilibria
    • Heterogeneous Equilibria
    • Applications of Equilibrium Constants
    • Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G
    • Factors Affecting Equilibria
    • Ionic Equilibrium in Solution
    • Acids, Bases and Salts
    • Ionization of Acids and Bases
    • Buffer Solutions
    • Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts
    • Summary
    • Exercises