Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives
A 26-module path through carboxylic acids & derivatives, in study order from foundations to the frontier.
Modules
- Structure and Bonding of the Carboxyl Group
- Naming Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
- Carboxylic Acid Acidity and the Resonance-Stabilized Carboxylate
- Substituent and Inductive Effects on Acidity
- Carboxylic Acids as Bases and Protonation
- Methods for Preparing Carboxylic Acids
- Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents and Nitrile Hydrolysis
- The Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Mechanism
- Addition–Elimination via the Tetrahedral Intermediate
- The Reactivity Ladder of Acyl Derivatives
- Acid Chlorides: Synthesis and Reactivity
- Anhydrides: Formation and Acylating Power
- Interconverting Acyl Derivatives Down the Ladder
- Esters: Structure and Reactivity
- Esters from Acid Chlorides and Alcohols
- Fischer Esterification and Its Equilibrium Mechanism
- Transesterification
- Saponification: Hydroxide-Promoted Ester Hydrolysis
- Amide Resonance and Stability
- Amides from Acid Chlorides and Amines
- Amide Hydrolysis
- Structure and Reactivity of Nitriles
- Reduction of Acids and Acyl Derivatives
- Selective Reduction and Hydride Reagent Choice
- Reduction of Nitriles
- Decarboxylation Reactions