A research team is comparing two isomerization reactions carried out at the same temperature.
Reaction I: cis–P⇌trans–PK=1.2×105
Reaction II: Q⇌RK=6.0×10−7
Both reactions are first studied in homogeneous solution with catalysts that speed up attainment of equilibrium but do not alter K.
(a) For each reaction, describe the relative molar amounts of the two isomers present in the equilibrium mixture. Support your descriptions with reasoning that references the numerical values of K.
(b) The team proposes removing the catalyst from Reaction I to reduce the final amount of trans–P formed." Critically assess this proposal, clearly distinguishing between kinetic and thermodynamic factors.
(c) To shift the position of equilibrium in Reaction II toward the production of R without changing temperature, suggest one feasible change to the reaction conditions and justify how it would alter the reaction quotient Q relative to K.
(d) The team measures the rate constants kforward and kreverse for Reaction II and finds kforward/kreverse=6.1×10−7. Explain how this ratio is consistent with the reported equilibrium constant value, and discuss what additional insight (if any) it offers about the time required to reach equilibrium.