Four samples of carbon dioxide are described below.
• Sample W: 1.0 mol CO2(s) (dry ice) at –78 °C and 1 atm, occupying the volume of the solid only.
• Sample X: 1.0 mol CO2(g) confined in a rigid 1.0 L container at 25 °C.
• Sample Y: 1.0 mol CO2(g) confined in a rigid 2.0 L container at 25 °C.
• Sample Z: 1.0 mol CO2(g) confined in a rigid 2.0 L container at 50 °C.
Consider the positional and energetic freedom available to the particles in each sample.
(a) Rank the four samples from lowest to highest entropy.
(b) Provide a detailed justification for your ranking that explicitly refers to the effects of phase, volume, and temperature on matter dispersal.