Two identical miniature lamps, L1 and L2, are connected in parallel across an ideal 6.0V battery using negligible-resistance wires. A voltmeter whose internal resistance is 5.0kΩ is intended to measure the potential difference across L1. By mistake, the experimenter connects the voltmeter in series with L1 instead of in parallel. Respond to the tasks below.
(1) Part 1: (a) Qualitatively compare the brightness of L1 and L2 after the voltmeter has been connected in series with L1. State which lamp glows brighter and explain your reasoning.
(2) Part 2: (b) Indicate whether the reading shown on the voltmeter, when connected in series as described, is greater than, less than, or equal to the actual potential difference that originally existed across L1 when no voltmeter was present. Provide a qualitative explanation that refers to current division and the voltmeter’s resistance.
(3) Part 3: (c) Suppose a second voltmeter with an internal resistance of 50kΩ were used in the same incorrect series connection. Describe qualitatively how the observations in parts (a) and (b) would change, if at all.