A small artificial satellite of mass m can occupy two different stable circular orbits around the same isolated planet of mass M. Orbit 1 has radius r1, and Orbit 2 has a larger radius r2>r1. Assume the planet–satellite system is otherwise free of external forces or torques.
(a) Describe qualitatively how the magnitude and sign of the gravitational potential energy of the satellite differ between Orbit 1 and Orbit 2.
(b) Explain why the speed of the satellite in Orbit 2 must be smaller than in Orbit 1, even though the planet’s gravitational pull extends to both radii.
(c) A technician claims that “because the gravitational force weakens with distance, the satellite would naturally drift from Orbit 1 to Orbit 2 without any energy input.” Using energy considerations, state whether this claim is correct and justify your reasoning.