Which of the following best defines a chemical system that has reached equilibrium?
CHEMISTRY · Single correct · A Level · Chemistry · Chemical equilibria (Le Chatelier’s principle and Kc) · Chemical equilibria (Le Chatelier’s principle and Kc)
Problem
Which of the following best defines a chemical system that has reached equilibrium?
(a) Both the forward and reverse reactions have stopped because all reactants have been consumed.
(b) The forward and reverse reaction rates are equal so that macroscopic concentrations remain constant.
(c) The reaction mixture no longer releases or absorbs heat because ΔG∘ has reached zero.
(d) The concentrations of reactants and products have become equal.