An artificial satellite moves in a circular orbit of radius around the Earth
PHYSICS · Multi-part · AP · Physics 1: Algebra-based · Force and Translational Dynamics · Force and Translational Dynamics
Problem
An artificial satellite moves in a circular orbit of radius 6.4×106m around the Earth, completing each revolution in 5.4×103s. A student draws a speed–time graph that shows the speed increasing steadily during one revolution. Examine the situation and answer the following:
(i) Calculate the speed of the satellite in its orbit.
(ii) On the same axes, sketch your own speed–time graph for one full revolution, labeling it as Graph S, and compare it qualitatively with the student’s incorrect graph, labeling that as Graph T.
(iii) Explain in detail why Graph T cannot be correct for a satellite in circular orbit, even though no external engines are firing.
(iv) If the direction of the satellite’s velocity changes continuously while its speed remains constant, what can you conclude about the nature of its acceleration? State the direction of this acceleration.