The water–gas shift reaction is an important step in hydrogen production:
CO2(g) + H2(g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2O(l)
In a sealed 3.00 L vessel at 500 K, an initial mixture containing 1.50 mol CO2(g) and 1.50 mol H2(g) is allowed to reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, analysis shows that 0.650 mol of CO(g) is present.
(a) Calculate the equilibrium molar concentration of each species present in the vessel, clearly indicating which species are included in the equilibrium‐constant expression.
(b) Determine the numerical value of Kc for the reaction at 500 K.
(c) Convert the value in part (b) to Kp for the reaction at 500 K.
(d) Explain qualitatively how the presence of the liquid phase H2O influences the magnitude of Kc compared with a hypothetical situation in which all species were gaseous.