CHEMISTRY · Multi-part · AP · Chemistry · Atomic Structure and Properties · Atomic Structure and Properties
Problem
A sample of a gaseous element, designated as atom M, shows the following seven successive ionization energies at 298 K.
IE₁ = 737 kJ mol⁻¹
IE₂ = 1450 kJ mol⁻¹
IE₃ = 7730 kJ mol⁻¹
IE₄ = 10500 kJ mol⁻¹
IE₅ = 13600 kJ mol⁻¹
IE₆ = 18000 kJ mol⁻¹
IE₇ = 20800 kJ mol⁻¹
Assume M is located in period 3 or lower of the periodic table.
(a) Based on the ionization-energy data, determine the period and group number of element M.
(b) Write the symbol of the most stable monatomic cation that element M forms in aqueous solution.
(c) Solid chlorides of main-group elements often have one anion per cation. Write the empirical formula of the chloride expected to form from M and Cl, and justify your answer using the information from parts (a) and (b).