Four gaseous amines—ammonia (NH₃), methylamine (CH₃NH₂), dimethylamine ((CH₃)₂NH), and trimethylamine ((CH₃)₃N)—are allowed to come to equilibrium separately with water at 25 °C. No numerical data are provided.
(a) Rank the four amines in order of increasing base strength when dissolved in water at 25 °C. Write the conjugate‐acid formulas directly above their parent bases in your ranking.
(b) Provide a molecular‐level explanation for the trend you reported in part (a). In your discussion, reference both (i) the electronic effects of alkyl groups and (ii) any steric factors that influence the ability of each nitrogen lone pair to accept a proton.
(c) Predict how the basicity of the amine CF₃CH₂NH₂ would compare with that of ammonia under identical conditions. State whether it would be more basic, less basic, or approximately the same, and justify your prediction in terms of electron density on nitrogen.