A student investigates three different metal–ion combinations for possible use in a…

CHEMISTRY · Multi-part · A Level · Chemistry · Electrode potentials · Electrode potentials

Problem

A student investigates three different metal–ion combinations for possible use in a battery. For each combination, the student measures the standard cell potential once per minute for five minutes immediately after assembling fresh galvanic cells at 298 K. The recorded potentials are summarized below.
Time after assembly (min)Cell X (V)Cell Y (V)Cell Z (V)
0+0.91–0.04+0.18
1+0.89–0.02+0.17
2+0.88–0.01+0.15
3+0.870.00+0.13
4+0.85+0.01+0.12
5+0.84+0.02+0.11
Assume all measurements are made under standard conditions and that concentration changes over the five-minute period are negligible. (a) For each cell, determine whether the overall redox reaction is thermodynamically favored at the instant the cell is assembled. Provide evidence from the data table. (b) Cell Y eventually exhibits a small positive potential. Propose a plausible chemical explanation, other than measurement error, for the observed change in sign. (c) Based on the data trend for Cell Z, predict the potential you would expect at 10 minutes and explain your reasoning.

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