For vanadium, PES data indicate that the 3d electrons have higher binding energy than…
CHEMISTRY · Subjective · AP · Chemistry · Atomic Structure and Properties · Atomic Structure and Properties
Problem
For vanadium, PES data indicate that the 3d electrons have higher binding energy than the 4s electrons, contrary to the order implied by the ground-state electron configuration. Using concepts of shielding and electron–electron repulsion, briefly explain this apparent anomaly.