A research team wishes to test the claim that increasing the temperature of the gas-phase reaction
2 ClO₂(g) → Cl₂(g) + 2 O₂(g)
to 310 K (from 300 K) will cause its initial rate to quadruple when all other factors are held constant.
(a) Design a detailed experimental procedure that isolates temperature as the only changed variable. Your description should include the apparatus, methods for introducing and measuring reactant concentrations, and the technique you would use to determine the initial rate.
(b) Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and at least three controlled variables in your proposed experiment.
(c) Describe how you would ensure that reactant orientation factors remain as constant as possible between the two temperature trials.
(d) Outline the data-analysis steps you would carry out to evaluate the claim that the rate quadruples, including any graphs or calculations you would perform.
(e) Discuss two significant sources of experimental error specific to maintaining constant temperature and propose one mitigation strategy for each.