A single frozen particle image has signal-to-noise ratio

PHYSICS · Subjective · Fermi University Physics · Mathematical Methods for Physics · Biophysics & Medical Physics · Macromolecules, membranes and cell architecture

Forces, Machines and Signals, Ch Seeing molecules: diffraction, cryo-electron microscopy and fluorescence

Problem

A single frozen particle image has signal-to-noise ratio 0.0200.020, too noisy to show any structural detail. Averaging NN aligned, correctly classified images improves the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of N\sqrt N. How many particle images must be averaged to reach a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.02.0?

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