(a) Define beta minus decay and beta plus decay and write the general nuclear reaction for each, indicating all emitted particles.
(b) For each type of beta decay stated in part (a), explain clearly how the atomic number Z and the mass number A of the parent nuclide change during the process.
(c) Carbon-14 undergoes beta minus decay. Write the complete nuclear equation for this transformation, including every emitted particle, and state the name as well as the atomic and mass numbers of the daughter nuclide formed.