A diver is submerged 3.0m beneath the flat glass window of an underwater observatory. The glass window has thickness 1.2cm and refractive index 1.52. Beyond the glass is air.
(i) Draw a neat, labelled diagram showing the formation of the image of the diver when viewed normally by a tourist standing in the air outside the window.
(ii) Derive an expression for the apparent distance of the diver from the outer surface of the glass in terms of the given parameters.
(iii) Using μwater=1.33, calculate the apparent distance for the given numerical values.
(iv) By how much would the answer to part (iii) change if the glass thickness were neglected? Comment briefly on whether this simplification is justified in engineering practice.