Four mirrors are mounted side-by-side on a laboratory wall. Each mirror has the same radius of curvature magnitude of 40 cm but differs in type or object placement, as described below. In every case a small arrow-shaped object 2.0 cm tall stands on the principal axis, 30 cm from the vertex of the mirror surface.
• Mirror A: concave mirror, object on the reflecting side.
• Mirror B: convex mirror, object on the reflecting side.
• Mirror C: concave mirror, object on the reflecting side but shifted 10 cm closer to the mirror than in A.
• Mirror D: plane mirror of the same size as the others.
(1) Rank the four mirrors from largest to smallest image height. If any images are equal in size, state that explicitly.
(2) Justify the ranking in part (a) by discussing the relative object positions with respect to each mirror’s focal point and by referring to appropriate principal rays in each case.
(3) For the mirror that produces the smallest image, state whether that image is real or virtual and upright or inverted, giving reasons for each choice.