A hiker travels in two straight stages. First, she walks 3km due north from point P to point Q. Then she turns and walks 4km due east to reach point R. Answer the following questions based on this journey.
(a) Define (i) distance and (ii) displacement.
(b) State whether each of the quantities in part (a) is a scalar or a vector and give one reason for your answer.
(c) Calculate the total distance covered and the magnitude of the displacement from P to R.
(d) Explain why the numerical values obtained in part (c) are different even though both quantities describe a change in position.