CHEMISTRY · Multi-part · AP · Chemistry · Properties of Substances and Mixtures · Properties of Substances and Mixtures
Problem
Four identical glass bulbs—labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4—initially contain the same amount of an ideal gas at the same pressure and temperature. Each bulb is then subjected to a different single-step change, summarized below. No additional heat is intentionally supplied or removed during the changes, and each bulb is resealed immediately afterward so the amount of gas listed in the table is the amount that remains.
Bulb 1: Temperature doubled; volume unchanged; no gas lost.
Bulb 2: Volume doubled; temperature unchanged; exactly one-half of the gas removed.
Bulb 3: Temperature halved; volume halved; no gas lost.
Bulb 4: Temperature tripled; volume doubled; twenty percent of the gas accidentally leaks out (so 80 % of the original moles remain).
Assume the gas behaves ideally throughout.
(1) Rank the final pressures in the four bulbs from highest to lowest. Provide a clear chain of qualitative reasoning that supports your ranking.
(2) Identify which bulb undergoes the greatest percent change in gas density compared with its initial state. Explain your choice qualitatively, citing relevant proportional relationships.