Two aqueous solutions each contain of an acid at

CHEMISTRY · Single correct · AP · Chemistry · Properties of Substances and Mixtures · Properties of Substances and Mixtures

Problem

Two 100 mL100\,\text{mL} aqueous solutions each contain 0.10 mol L−10.10\,\text{mol L}^{-1} of an acid at 25 ∘C25\,^\circ\text{C}. One solution is hydrochloric acid (HCl), a strong electrolyte; the other is acetic acid (HC2H3O2HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2}), a weak electrolyte. Which set of particle counts most accurately represents the relative numbers of solute species that would be present in a single representative box for each solution? (Each box also contains 100 water molecules, not shown.) (a) HCl box: 10 H3O+\mathrm{H_{3}O^{+}} ions and 10 Cl−\mathrm{Cl^{-}} ions; HC2H3O2HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2} box: 5 H3O+\mathrm{H_{3}O^{+}} ions, 5 C2H3O2−\mathrm{C_{2}H_{3}O_{2}^{-}} ions, and 5 intact HC2H3O2HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2} molecules. (b) HCl box: 10 H3O+\mathrm{H_{3}O^{+}} ions and 10 Cl−\mathrm{Cl^{-}} ions; HC2H3O2HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2} box: 10 H3O+\mathrm{H_{3}O^{+}} ions and 10 C2H3O2−\mathrm{C_{2}H_{3}O_{2}^{-}} ions. (c) HCl box: 10 H3O+\mathrm{H_{3}O^{+}} ions and 10 Cl−\mathrm{Cl^{-}} ions; HC2H3O2HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2} box: 1 H3O+\mathrm{H_{3}O^{+}} ion, 1 C2H3O2−\mathrm{C_{2}H_{3}O_{2}^{-}} ion, and 9 intact HC2H3O2HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2} molecules. (d) HCl box: 10 H3O+\mathrm{H_{3}O^{+}} ions; HC2H3O2HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2} box: 1 H3O+\mathrm{H_{3}O^{+}} ion, 1 C2H3O2−\mathrm{C_{2}H_{3}O_{2}^{-}} ion, and 9 intact HC2H3O2HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2} molecules.

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