For each of the following enthalpy changes, suggest whether it is always exothermic, always endothermic, or if it could be either:
(1) first ionisation energy
(2) second ionisation energy
(3) first electron affinity
(4) second electron affinity
(5) enthalpy of formation
(6) lattice enthalpy
(7) bond energy
(8) enthalpy of sublimation
(9) enthalpy of atomisation.