The quantity Q (Q-value) is used to characterise energy release in nuclear reactions.
(i) Define the Q-value of a nuclear reaction.
(ii) Explain, with reference to binding energy per nucleon, why nuclear reactions yield far more energy per unit mass than chemical reactions.
(iii) Complete fission of 1\,g of 235U liberates roughly 8×1010J of energy, whereas combustion of coal provides about 4×107J per kilogram. Estimate the mass of coal that would release the same energy as 1\,g of 235U, and state the order of magnitude difference between the two fuels.